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Data Generating Process (DGP)
Data Generating Process (DGP) The Data Generating Process (DGP) refers to the underlying mechanism—real or hypothetical—that produces the data we observe. A DGP specifies how variables are related, how randomness enters the system, and how observed ...
random sampling
Random sampling means every case in the population has an equal probability of being selected for the study.
random assignment
Random assignment is a method of assigning subjects to one experimental condition or another; it helps us rule out confounding variables by ensuring that any variables that affect our outcome variable, whether positively or negatively, will balance ...
shuffle()
The shuffle() function will mix up, or "shuffle", the values in a column into a randomized order. It is one possible method for simulating a random data generating process (DGP). Example 1: One way to see how the shuffle() function works is by ...
sampling
Sampling is the process by which we choose which objects to study.