Related Articles
confidence intervals
Confidence intervals are the lower and upper bounds that represent the possible population means below and above which would be unlikely to have generated the sample mean that we observed.
Alpha Level
The alpha level (α) is the criterion for how low a probability needs to be to count as "unlikely"; a probability of Type I error that we are willing to accept. A common alpha level is α = .05 or less, meaning we are willing to accept a 5% or less ...
critical z score
Critical z score is the distance between the boundaries of the "unlikely" area for a normal distribution and the mean of that distribution expressed in number of standard deviations; for example, if we assume a sampling distribution is normal, the ...
margin of error
Margin of error is also called critical distance; the distance between the boundaries of the "unlikely" area for a sampling distribution and the mean of that distribution expressed in the same unit as the variable (e.g., mm, lbs, dollars).
p-value
P-value is the likelihood that a value more extreme than our sample statistic would be generated from the empty model; a number between 0 and 1; a small p-value (e.g., ≤ 0.05) indicates our sample would be "unlikely" given the null hypothesis, so you ...