unexplained variation

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• leftover variation

  Leftover variation is variation in an outcome variable that remains after having accounted for variation due to at least one explanatory variable.

• explained variation

  Explained variation is the portion of the total variation we were able to attribute to a variable.

• explain variation

  When we can make a better prediction of the outcome variable if we knew something about the explanatory variable; accounting for variation in the outcome variable by using variation in another variable.

• sampling variation

  Sampling variation is the variation that occurs from sample to sample due to the fact that no sample is a perfect representation of the population; can be biased or unbiased; also known as sampling error.

• within-group variation

  Within-group variation is variation among members of the same group.