Tidy data is a way of organizing data into rectangular tables, with rows and columns, in which each column is a variable, each row is an observation, and each type of observational unit it kept in a different table.
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data
Data are numbers that represent something about the world; the result of sampling and measurement.
data frame
Data frame is an R object. It stores data in rows and columns.
observations
Observations are sometimes called cases or objects or research units, observations are the things that we are interested in studying. For example, a psychologist might study people, an economist might study businesses, a sociologist might study ...
Appendix of Data Frames Used in Course Textbook
All data frames listed below are automatically preloaded when you run library(coursekata). Link to full repository of R documentation: https://www.rdocumentation.org/ Data Frame Name and Link to R Documentation Ames BikeCommute FatMice18 Fingers ...
data generating process (DGP)
The process that causes variation in the world; when the DGP goes on for a long time, you end up with a distribution that we can start to call a population.