The sum() function computes the sum of a series of values.
Example 1:
# Sum by indicating a series of values
sum(1, 2, 100)
Example output:
Example 2:
# Sum by using a saved vector
expenses <- c(33, 74, 12, 248, 520)
sum(expenses)
Example output:
Example 3:
# Sum by indexing a column in a data frame
sum(Fingers$Thumb)
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Sum of Squares (SS) is the total area of the squared residuals; a way to quantify error, which gets around the problem of the sum of residuals adding up to 0; an important feature of SS is that the one number model that uniquely minimizes it is the ...
Sum of Absolute Deviations (SAD)
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variance
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Mean Square (MS)
Mean Square (MS) is also called variance; approximated by the sum of squares (SS) divided by the degress of freedom (i.e., n-1); the MSE from the empty model can be thought of as roughly the average squared deviation.
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