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standard error
Standard error is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution.
sd()
The sd() function computes the standard deviation of a variable. Example: # Calculate the standard deviation of Thumb sd(Fingers$Thumb) # Alt: use 'data =' argument instead of '$' (produces same output) sd(~Thumb, data = Fingers) Example output:
Cohen’s d
Cohen’s d is the measure of effect size; it indicates the size of a group difference in number of standard deviation.
empirical rule
Approximately 68 percent of the scores in a normal distribution are within one standard deviation, plus or minus, of the mean; approximately 95 percent of the scores are within two standard deviations; and approximately 99.7 percent of scores are ...
gf_dist()
The gf_dist() function can graphically overlay a number of different mathematical probability distributions. If we want to overlay the normal distribution, we’ll have to specify that with the argument “norm”, and then enter in the mean and standard ...