SS Total

SS Total

SS Total is the amount of error revealed by the empty model (the mean); it is the total area of the squared residuals based on the distance of each score from the mean.


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    • Sum of Squares (SS)

      Sum of Squares (SS) is the total area of the squared residuals; a way to quantify error, which gets around the problem of the sum of residuals adding up to 0; an important feature of SS is that the one number model that uniquely minimizes it is the ...

    • SS Model

      SS model is the reduction in error (measured in sums of squares) due to the model; the area of all the squared deviations based on the distance between the complex model predictions and the null model predictions.

    • SS Error

      SS error is the amount of error left unexplained by the model; the area of all the squared residuals based on the distance of each score from the model prediction.

    • proportion reduction in error (PRE)

      Proportion reduction in error (PRE) is the proportion of error that has been reduced by a more complex model compared with a simpler model, which in our course is always the empty model. When comparing to the empty model, PRE is calculated as SS ...

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      Explained variation is the portion of the total variation we were able to attribute to a variable.