Categorical variable is a variable for which the values don’t tell us anything about quantity; the values simply tell us which category the object belongs to.
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factor (in R)
Factor (in R) is a type of R object that is a categorical variable.
confounding variable
Confounding variable is a variable that, though not measured, causes variation in both the explanatory variable and the outcome variable; also know as a "lurking variable" or a "third variable".
outcome variable
Outcome variable is a variable whose variation we are trying to explain.
explanatory variable
Explanatory variable is a variable we use to explain variation in an outcome variable.
factor()
The factor() function will convert a quantitative variable into a factor (a categorical variable). This is often needed when categorical variables are dummy coded as numeric values so R treats them as a quantitative variable. For example, when a ...